The CAFI Executive Board (CAFI EB) is the entity through which funding allocation decisions are made - during meetings or intersessionally - to support the development and implementation of country-driven National Investment Frameworks. Donor governments and other entities that have signed the CAFI Joint Declaration and have contributed (or intend to contribute) funds to the CAFI Fund (or through parallel funding) are eligible to be members of the Executive Board.

The current members of the CAFI EB are:
- Norway
- France
- The United Kingdom
- Germany (currently chair)
- The European Union
- The Netherlands
- South Korea
- UNDP, on behalf of the UN Implementing Organisations, with voting rights on all matters except Fund allocation decisions
- The United Nations Multi Partner Trust Fund (ex-officio).
The permanent observers of the CAFI Executive Board are the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank. The CAFI EB has the sole discretion to grant observer status to other countries or entities to participate in Executive Board meetings on a case-by-case basis.
Key responsibilities of the Executive Board include:
- Concluding Letters of Intent (LoI) with Partner countries as a mutual commitment, with associated performance targets, such as the LoI with DRC and the LoI with Gabon
- Approving quality criteria for the independent review of National Investment Frameworks;
- Approving country funding allocations to National Investment Frameworks with a multi-year disbursement plan, aligning these decisions with existing parallel funding opportunities;
- Reviewing performance targets with Partner Countries based on each Letter of Intent and adjusting disbursement plan when necessary;
- Commissioning mid-term and final independent evaluations on the overall performance of the Fund