La Lettre d'intention avec le Gabon
La lettre d’intention (LOI) entre le Gouvernement du Gabon et CAFI établit un partenariat pour mettre en œuvre le Cadre d’investissement national du Gabon. La LOI est signée par le Ministre gabonais de l’Economie, de la Prospective et de la Programmation du Développement durable, le Ministre norvégien du Climat et de l’Environnement, et le Bureau du Fonds Spécial Multi partenaire du PNUD. Une cérémonie a été tenue à Paris le 27 juin, qui a mis en exergue la manière dont la LOI aidera le pays à atteindre sa Contribution Nationale Déterminée (NDC) sous l’Accord de Paris.
La LOI établit les obligations respectives des deux parties sous ce partenariat. Le Gabon s’engage à réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant des forêts. Comme sera reflété dans sa NDC à la CNUCC, le Gabon vise, d’ici 2025, à réduire ses émissions brutes de 50% sous le niveau de 2005, ce qui implique une réduction de plus de 50% du secteur forêts. CAFI s’engage à mobiliser des fonds pour soutenir le Gabon dans la mise en œuvre de son Cadre national d’investissement pour atteindre cet objectif de réduction d’émissions.
Les trois objectifs de la LOI sont alignés au Cadre national d’investissement et autres efforts en cours sur la gouvernance des forêts. Chaque objectif est associé à des jalons définis dans le temps, dont la vérification indépendante conditionnera la deuxième tranche de décaissements. Les rapports sur les jalons seront mis à disposition de manière régulière sur la plateforme interactive www.pnatgabon.na
Land Use Planning
Objective
Develop, adopt and implement, in a transparent and participatory manner, a national land use plan that organizes and optimizes the use of land and forest resources by the various national economic sectors to reduce the impact thereof on forests, reduce conflicts and promote sustainable development at national and local level. The plan will be based on the principles of non-conversion of HCS/HCV forests, limited and carbon-neutral conversion of non-HCS/HCV forest, reduced area under logging concessions, lower emissions from logging operations and rural activities and the respect of customary land tenure.
Milestones
A first milestone to be reached by December 2017 is Gabon's signature of the Marrakech Declaration on sustainable palm oil production under the African Palm Oil Initiative. Four milestones are to be reached by June 2018, bearing on:
- adoption of a National Action Plan of the Marrakech Declaration
- adoption of national guidelines on the non- conversion of High Carbon Stocks (HCS) and High Conservation Value (HCV) forests
- implementation of a policy on a carbon-neutral approach to the conversion of non-HCS/HCV forests
- a roadmap to ensure participation and free prior and informed consent in land use planning decisions that involve forest-dwelling people and traditional communities
Four additional milestones to be reached by June 2019 relate to long-term cap on carbon-neutral conversion of non-HCS/HCV forests and report on its compliance, reports on the consultation process for land use planning and on mapping land-use suitability for agriculture, mining, conservation, climate vulnerability and sustainable natural resource exploitation.
The final, 2021 milestone is the adoption and implementation of the National Land-Use Plan.
Forest Monitoring
Objective
Establish a fully operational National Natural Resources and Forestry Observation System (NNRFOS) to (i) develop a better understanding of biodiversity and follow the impacts if climate change; ii) estimate carbon stocks and GHG flows and model how forests behave under climate and land-use change; (iii) support the implementation of the NLUP as well as monitoring and strengthening the sectoral effects on forestry, agriculture and infrastructure to reduce deforestation and forest degradation; and (iv) track, monitor and control the implementation of forest management, illegal logging, mining activities and agricultural development.
Milestones
Here the first 2018 milestones relate to the design of the NNRFOS and a methodology to monitor the carbon neutrality of conversion of non-HCS/HVC forest. By June 2019, submission of a Biennal Update Report, reports on monitoring of economic activities and law enforcement action, and mapping of 29% of villages are expected.
The final milestone in 2021 is for the NNRFOS to be fully operational and reporting to the UNFCCC, sustainable beyond CAFI funding and information made publicly available.
Forest Governance
Objective
Continue to build on various efforts to maintain carbon sequestration by forests, reduce emissions related to forest degradation and improve inclusive forest governance.
Milestones
A first, December 217 milestone calls for participation of civil society and the private sector in the work of the National land use planning commission. An intermediary 2018 milestone seeks to Establishment of a joint M&E framework for relevant international development assistance, while five 2019 milestones relate to:
- a plan to fight illegal logging, notably based on the negotiation process on a Voluntary Partnership Agreement with FLEGT
- reports on enforcement of the legal and regulatory framework, management plan to increase surface area under sustainable management, and increased monitoring and enforcement capacity of the forestry administration
- revision of the forest code to lay down how and at what pace the surface area under logging concessions will be reduced from its current level
- a target on reduced per hectare emissions and total emissions from forest degradation from remaining logging concessions
- implementation of a safeguards information system
